The Arizona Bark Scorpion is a fascinating species native to the deserts of the southwestern United States, particularly in Arizona.
They boast a maximum length of 2.5 inches and display a tan-colored body with slightly darker backs.
When observed under ultraviolet light, they emit a bright bluish glow, making them easier to spot during their nocturnal activities.
These scorpions are known for their excellent climbing abilities, traversing textured walls with ease.
They often hide under rocks, logs, and tree bark during the day, making them difficult to detect in their natural habitat.
Bark scorpions prefer warm climates and can be found in a variety of locations, including residential neighborhoods.
Moreover, the Arizona Bark Scorpion is the only species in Arizona with medical importance due to its venom.
Although the venomous sting can cause mild to severe symptoms depending upon the individual, fatalities are rare.
Despite their potentially dangerous nature, these remarkable creatures continue to hold the attention and curiosity of both locals and visitors alike.
Arizona Bark Scorpion Description and Habitat
Physical Characteristics
The Arizona Bark Scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus) is a relatively small scorpion species with a maximum length of about 2.5 inches (6.4cm).
Its body is primarily tan in color, with a slightly darker back. Some interesting features include:
- Size: 2.5 inches (6.4cm) maximum length
- Color: Tan body, darker back
- UV light: Glows bright bluish under UV light
This scorpion’s glow under UV light makes it easier to spot during nighttime, since they are nocturnal creatures1.
Range and Natural Habitat
Arizona Bark Scorpions are commonly found in Arizona and its surrounding states, mostly in desert habitats.
However, they are also known to inhabit a variety of other environments:
- Under rocks, logs, and tree bark
- Surface objects such as roof tiles and house siding
They are usually seen at night due to their nocturnal behavior.
Their adaptability enables them to survive in various situations, making them a prevalent species in their natural range.
Behavior and Lifestyle
Nocturnal Activity
Arizona Bark Scorpions are known for their nocturnal behavior.
This means they are active during the night time and rest during the day. Here’s a quick breakdown of their nocturnal habits:
- Active at night
- Rest during the day
Hunting and Diet
Prey and Hunting Techniques
Bark Scorpions mainly hunt for insects and other small prey. They use their venomous stingers to immobilize their victims. Some common prey items include:
- Crickets
- Cockroaches
- Beetles
A comparison between Bark Scorpions and other scorpion species:
| Feature | Bark Scorpion | Other Scorpion Species |
|---|---|---|
| Nocturnal | Yes | Yes |
| Venom potency | Most venomous in North America | Varies |
| Size | 1-3 inches | Varies |
Food Consumption
Bark Scorpions consume their prey by using their pincers and mouthparts to crush and consume the internal tissue.
They do not consume the entire exoskeleton of their prey, only the nutritious insides.
Note: It is important to always be cautious in areas with known scorpion populations, especially at night.
Avoid walking barefoot or reaching into dark crevices without proper protection.
Stinging and Venom
Venom Composition and Effects
The venom of the Arizona Bark Scorpion is a complex mixture of proteins, enzymes, and other compounds. Some of its key features are:
- Potent neurotoxins
- Pain-inducing components
- Substances causing tissue inflammation
When stung by a Bark Scorpion, people experience various symptoms such as:
- Immediate intense pain
- Numbness or tingling at the sting site
- Temporary muscle twitching
- Difficulty in breathing (in severe cases)
It’s important to note that while Bark Scorpion stings are quite painful, they’re rarely fatal.
However, they’re considered the most toxic species in the United States, posing a greater risk to children under four years old due to their smaller body size and inability to effectively metabolize the venom.
Sting Treatment and Prevention
In case of a Bark Scorpion sting, here’s a list of simple steps to follow.
- Wash the affected area with soap and water.
- Apply a cold pack to reduce swelling and pain.
- Elevate the limb if possible.
- Take over-the-counter pain medications.
- Seek medical attention, especially if severe symptoms occur.
To avoid getting stung by a Bark Scorpion, follow these preventive measures:
- Wear protective footwear (e.g., closed-toe shoes) when outdoors at night.
- Avoid walking barefoot or sitting directly on the ground.
- Inspect your surroundings before reaching or sitting, especially under rocks, logs, tree bark, or other surface objects.
- Keep your living area tidy and clutter-free to minimize hideouts for scorpions.
Remember, if stung by a Bark Scorpion, it’s important to call the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center for guidance on whether antivenom is required and seek medical attention if necessary.
Arizona Bark Scorpion in Human Environment
Infestation and Prevention
Arizona Bark Scorpions are commonly found near tree bark and lumber in desert regions.
They can also be found in and around homes, seeking shelter. To prevent infestation:
- Seal cracks and crevices in walls
- Remove debris from around your home
- Trim overgrown trees and bushes
Because Arizona Bark Scorpions are adaptable creatures, it’s essential to maintain regular pest control efforts using chemicals or traps.
Interaction with Humans and Pets
Arizona Bark Scorpions pose a threat to humans and pets as their stingers contain venom. Here are some precautions:
- Wear shoes and gloves when outside
- Inspect bedding and clothing before use
- Keep pet food sealed to avoid attracting scorpions’ food sources
| Scorpion Encounter | Recommended Action |
|---|---|
| Near your home | Call a pest control professional |
| Pet stung | Consult a veterinarian |
| Human stung | Seek immediate medical attention |
To summarize, the Arizona Bark Scorpion can be a dangerous pest in human environments.
Taking preventive measures and knowing appropriate actions will help you coexist safely with these creatures.
Natural Predators and Enemies
The Arizona Bark Scorpion faces several natural predators that help keep their population in check. Some of their primary predators include:
- Spiders: Various species hunt and consume scorpions.
- Lizards: The yellow-legged desert centipede feeds on bark scorpions.
- Bats: Insect-eating bats prey on scorpions.
- Owls: Some nocturnal birds, such as western screech owls, eat scorpions.
Additionally, the grasshopper mouse is a unique predator of the Arizona Bark Scorpion.
This rodent might seem unlikely, but it is quite resistant to scorpion venom.
Following is a comparison table of predators that consume the Arizona Bark Scorpion:
| Predator | Prey on Scorpions | Additional Information |
|---|---|---|
| Spiders | Yes | Some spiders, like the tarantula, hunt and consume scorpions. |
| Lizards | Yes | Yellow-legged desert centipedes prey on bark scorpions. |
| Bats | Yes | Insectivorous bats consume scorpions. |
| Owls | Yes | Western screech owls and other nocturnal birds prey on scorpions. |
| Grasshopper Mice | Yes | These rodents defy expectations by consuming scorpions despite their venom. |
It is essential to be aware of these natural predators in the Arizona Bark Scorpion’s habitat.
This knowledge might help reduce any potential risks or unwanted encounters between the scorpions and your family.
Reproduction and Lifecycle
Arizona Bark Scorpions reproduce sexually. Mating involves a unique courtship dance where the male holds the female’s pincers.
- Age: Bark Scorpions can live for up to 6 years.
After mating, the female carries the fertilized eggs internally. Then, she gives birth to live young.
- Live young: Females can give birth to 20-30 young scorpions in one brood.
Young Bark Scorpions are helpless at birth, so they hitch a ride on their mother’s back. They stay there until their first molt.
- Molt: Scorpions molt several times (around 6-7) before reaching adulthood.
It’s vital to note that these creatures are nocturnal, making them active at night. Therefore, these activities occur during nighttime hours.
- Nocturnal creatures: Bark Scorpions are active and hunt for food at night.
| Feature | Arizona Bark Scorpion |
|---|---|
| Reproduction method | Sexual |
| Age | Up to 6 years |
| Molt | 6-7 times |
| Young children (brood) | 20-30 |
| Birth type | Live young |
| Activity period | Nocturnal |
Be aware of Bark Scorpions hiding in dark and sheltered locations, as these can be ideal spots for their reproduction process.
Conservation and Interaction with Other Species
The Arizona Bark Scorpion is an important arthropod in North America, specifically in the Southwestern United States and the Sonoran Desert.
These arachnids are essential in maintaining a balanced ecosystem within their habitat. Here are some key features of the Arizona Bark Scorpion:
- Most venomous scorpion in North America
- Found in Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Mexico
- Commonly encountered in desert regions under rocks, logs, and tree bark
- Lives up to 5-7 years
Interactions between these scorpions and other species are crucial for survival.
They prey on insects, spiders, and even other scorpions while being prey themselves to larger animals like birds, lizards, and mammals.
Conservation efforts for the Arizona Bark Scorpion are integrated into the larger North American Model of Wildlife Conservation.
This model focuses on long-term management to benefit various fish and wildlife species, including the Arizona Bark Scorpion.
Comparison Table
| Feature | Arizona Bark Scorpion | Other Scorpions |
|---|---|---|
| Venom | Most venomous in North America | Less venomous |
| Habitat | Sonoran Desert regions | Diverse global habitats |
| Prey | Insects, spiders, other scorpions | Similar prey |
There are both positive and negative aspects of the Arizona Bark Scorpion’s presence in its environment. Here are a few pros and cons:
Pros:
- Maintain balance in the ecosystem
- Control insect populations
Cons:
- Can pose a risk to humans with their venom
- Potential worry for schools and residential areas in their habitat
Conclusion
In conclusion, Arizona bark scorpions are dangerous. They are the most venomous scorpion species in North America.
Their venom contains neurotoxins that can cause painful and sometimes severe reactions, especially in sensitive individuals or small children.
While their stings are not usually lethal to healthy adults, they can cause intense pain, swelling, numbness, and even difficulty in breathing in some cases.
It’s important to exercise caution and take appropriate measures to prevent encounters with these scorpions, especially in areas where they are prevalent.
Footnotes
Reader Emails
Over the years, our website, whatsthatbug.com has received hundreds of letters and some interesting images asking us about Arizona bark scorpions.
Scroll down to have a look at some of them.
Letter 1 – Arizona Bark Scorpion
Location: Phoenix, Arizona
June 4, 2017 5:10 am
I found this scorpion on the wall inside my home. I got it into a jar and took a picture. I’m wondering if I should be worried that my property is home to a “scorpion hive” as well as if this is a scorpion viable for being a pet.
Signature: Chris
Dear Chris,
We believe based on images posted to BugGuide that this is an Arizona Bark Scorpion, Centruroides sculpturatus, and the range is listed as: “All counties of Arizona, into western New Mexico, southern Utah, southern Nevada to Las Vegas vicinity, and in California only along Colorado River where it is not common. Also in much of Sonora, Mexico.”
LLLReptile states: “Bark scorpions are a unique and fascinating group of scorpions indigenous to the Americas that are ideally suited to captive care in the vivarium. In America, the term Bark scorpion commonly denotes members of the genus Centruroides, a genus of Buthidae with between 70 and 80 species (different authorities disagree on certain species status). …
The species of this genus are non-burrowing and hide among leaf litter, under stones or wood, among dead or living vegetation, or in the folds of plants or tree bark. Many species find their way into human habitations in their native areas.
They are light bodied and agile,0 and able to climb vertical surfaces or cling upside down to rough surfaces as they walk. A number of Centruroides species have very potent venom. Due to their defensive nature and frequent encounters with humans some Centruroides species are responsible for numerous deaths or dangerous envenomations in their native countries.
C. exilicauda, C. sculpturatus, C. limpidus, C. noxius, and C. suffusus all possess venom documented as having caused humans deaths, other species within the genus may possess medically significant venom. Many species within the genus possess venom capable of inflicting strong pain, but are not considered to have particularly toxic venom.
Any species of Centruroides must be kept in an escape proof cage. A tight fitting lid is a must for any enclosure, as small gaps between lids and enclosures can provide perfect opportunities for escape. Some keepers apply a band of petrolium jelly around the upper lip of the cage to help prevent young or small specimens from escaping.”
We would urge you to exercise caution if you plan to keep this Arizona Bark Scorpion as a pet. We will be post-dating your submission to go live to our site later in the month while our editorial staff is away on holiday.
Letter 2 – Arizona Bark Scorpion with Brood, we believe
Location: Huachuca Mts., southern Arizona
October 11, 2011 2:22 pm
I took a photograph in southern Arizona a few years ago of a scorpion with babies on its back. Can you identify the species from this shot? Thanks.
Signature: Glenn McCrea
Dear Glenn,
In our opinion, this is an Arizona Bark Scorpion, Centruroides sculpturatus. According to BugGuide, “‘sculpturatus’ describes the sculptured appearance of the tergites (dorsal plates)” and that is a distinguishing feature, however, in your photograph, the tergites are hidden by the substantial brood of young.
Letter 3 – Bark Scorpion
Location: Las Vegas, NV
December 22, 2010 12:29 pm
I just wanted to let you know that, between a legitimate (confirmed ID done by the local Dept. of Agriculture) bark scorpion infestation and your site, our home has become more & more bug & arachnid friendly each year.
We have bark scorpions in our home & yard, which *are* dangerous – especially to my husband because he has proven allergic to their venom. However, we noticed that once we gave up trying to exterminate them chemically (they’ve proven almost indestructible to everything except blunt force trauma) they stopped investigating the house as much & seemed more content to stay in the back yard.
We came to the determination that since we no longer spray, their food sources – crickets & roaches – are abundant outside. Since the scorpions stay outside, our yard is relatively pest-free and our home is completely pest-free. Along with the active hunters, we have two walls full of big, gnarly, oft-mistaken-for-recluses brown house spiders, and occasional batches of tiny, beautiful brown widows (they’re pale with dark brown leg joints & hourglasses) along the base of the house, and we’ve been visited by regular ol’ centipedes *and* house centipedes.
However, my husband has been getting more & more concerned because we have a nosy dog – meaning she investigates *everything* nose first. Just how dangerous would a bark scorpion sting be to her if it hit her in the face? I’m not too worried about the brown widows – they run & hide – but the scorpions are bold and aggressive, especially in summer.
Signature: Jane from Las Vegas
Dear Jane,
We are happy that you have learned to respect and cohabitate with some of the venomous species in your area and also that you have come to the realization that total annihilation of potentially harmful species is not really practical outside of a closed system.
Here is what BugGuide has to say about the sting of the Arizona Bark Scorpion: “The sting of one of our scorpions, however, Centruroides sculpturatus(until recently thought to be the same as Centruroides exilicauda), the Arizona Bark Scorpion, can be fatal. Most healthy adults are not at significant risk- only children, with their smaller body size, are in danger (treatment with antivenom has pretty much put a stop to deaths where available, but bark-scorpion stings should still be taken very seriously). The site of the sting does not become discolored.”
Probably your best source for information on the danger to your dog would be a local veterinarian.
Letter 4 – Florida Bark Scorpion
Please help with this bug-phobic sleep tonight. I live in south Florida and just moved into a newly constructed house. We had our furniture in storage for about three months.
Could you look at the pictures to help identify what type of insect is in these pictures. It looks like some type of scorpian but in Florida???
Grately appreciated,
Celeste Kington
Hi Celeste,
This is definitely a scorpion, and we believe it is a Florida Bark Scorpion, Centruroides gracilis. According to The Scorpion Files site: “This scorpion can inflict very a painful sting, but it is not considered as potent as some of its relatives. Some information indicates that individuals from North America are less venomous than their relatives from Central and South America. …. This species should be handled with care “
Letter 5 – Striped Bark Scorpion in Missouri
August 13, 2009
Dear Bugman,
This is my favorite site ever. it’s taught me to love all little creatures. I am beginning an Entomoly course this month, ( wish me luck). ANYWAY, I was on vacation last week at the Lake of The Ozarks, in Missouri. Osage Beach area. This little guy was about to crawl acrossed my friends foot!
I wrangled him, took a few pictures, ( which really ticked him off), and then released him away from where kids play and walk. I talked to the hotel, and they say they never get scorpions this time of year. Could I have BROUGHT HIM WITH ME??? Im from Arizona. He was outside when I found him though. It was about 1am, about 30 feet from the lake. THANKS!!!!
Sherri the Love Bug.
Lake Ozark, MO (Central missouri)
Hi Sherri the Love Bug,
This is a Striped Bark Scorpion, Centruroides vittatus, and according to BugGuide, it is reported from Missouri. According to BugGuide, the range is: “Populations of this scorpion encompass a large geographic range that includes southern Colorado, eastern New Mexico, several of the states in northern Mexico, Texas, western Louisiana, western Arkansas, southern Missouri, Oklahoma, and much of Kansas.”
Kari J McWest is credited with the following identification description on BugGuide: “A very important clue is the ‘triangle’ on the front of the carapace; long, slender appendages, which are noticeably more elongate in males than in females; two broad stripes down back, with orange bars on each tergite (dorsal plate); hands and fifth metasoma (tail) segment are darker, especially in young and freshly molted specimens; broad stripe on the back of the tail.”
BugGuide also remarks: “Venom is a mild neurotoxin, sting is quite painful. Some people might have a severe allergic reaction requiring medical attention This is the most common scorpion in the USA.“
Of course we wish you luck in your entomology class. If your class is in Arizona, we would like to propose a topic of research for you. That would be one good way to impress your instructor from the start.
You will probably have to write a research paper. The Blister Beetles are in the family Meloidae and their complicated life cycles are fascinating. Additionally, Arizona probably has the greatest diversity of Blister Beetles in the U.S.
The post Arizona Bark Scorpion: Essential Facts for Your Safety and Curiosity appeared first on What's That Bug?.
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